According to Surf Live Saving South Australia, there has been a recent spike in shark sightings off the Adelaide coastline.

The warmer weather has seen several shark species enter the South Australian gulf to feed and give birth.

To help keep you safe this summer, we are going to describe three shark species that are common to the Adelaide coastline, and what to do if you encounter one.

We also cover shark attacks in our general and childcare first aid courses. We have training locations in Adelaide and in every other state, capital city, and major town throughout Australia - head to our website to enrol in a course near you today.

The Great white shark

The Great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) is the largest predatory fish in the world. It has the following characteristics:

• Average length of 15 ft (roughly 4.5 m), though some specimens have exceeded 20 ft (roughly 6 m)
• Generally weigh between 680 and 1,800 kg, though some specimens have exceeded 2,270 kg
• Their upper bodies tend to be blue- or slate-grey, while their underbellies are white
• Their body is shaped like a blunt torpedo - coupled with their strong, crescent-shaped tail, this can help them reach speeds of up to 24 km per hour

Great white sharks are considered dangerous to humans. Though they generally only 'sample bite' humans out of curiosity or in a case of mistaken identity, their mouths can house up to 300 serrated and sharply pointed teeth at any one time.

As such, even a single 'sample bite' can be fatal.

The Bronze whaler shark

The Bronze whaler (Carcharhinus brachyurus) has the following characteristics:

• They can measure up to 3.5 m and weigh up to 300 kg
• Their back can range from greyish-brown to bronze, while the tips of their pelvic and pectoral (side) fins tend to be darker
• The fins on their top and sides are large

Bronze whalers are generally non-aggressive and are rarely implicated in shark attacks. However, like other sharks, they can become agitated in the presence of food, and may represent a threat to spear fishers carrying fresh catches.

The Dusky shark

The Dusky shark (Carcharhinus obscurus) has the following characteristics:

• They can measure up to 3.65 m and generally weigh between 350 to 400 pounds (roughly 158 to 182 kg)
• Their bodies are grey to grey-brown above and pale below
• They have a long pointed snout, long fins on their sides, and the fin of the top of their body tends to slope

Like Bronze whalers, Dusky sharks are generally non-aggressive and have few interactions with humans. However, they are regarded as potentially dangerous due to their large size and predilection for shallow coastal waters and other high population areas.

Shark attack first aid

If you witness a shark attack, dial Triple Zero (000) for an ambulance, apply direct pressure or a tourniquet to any arterial bleeds, and treat for shock.

More information about treating and preventing shark attacks can be found in our Resource Library.

Final thoughts

Though shark attacks are relatively rare (in fact, you are more likely to die from a bee sting than from a shark attack), knowing how to treat and prevent shark attacks could make all the difference in the world.

We also cover shark attacks in our general and childcare first aid courses. We have training locations in Adelaide and in every other state, capital city, and major town throughout Australia.

Head to our website to enrol in a course near you today.